https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-025-00407-5
Research
Enhancing high school students’ understanding and attitude towards quantum mechanics through discipline-culture framework and cognitive apprenticeship
1
School of Education, University of New England, 2350, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
2
Philippine Science High School Western Visayas Campus, Iloilo City, Philippines
3
School of Education, Queensland University of Technology, 4000, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
4
University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
5
Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
6
School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, 02455, Seoul, Korea
7
Department of Physics, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, 110036, Delhi, India
8
Department of Physics, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, 110007, Delhi, India
a
vijitvin94@gmail.com
b
esalvador@wvc.pshs.edu.ph
Received:
24
October
2024
Accepted:
11
August
2025
Published online:
29
August
2025
Background: Introducing advanced quantum mechanics (QM) and quantum technology (QT) concepts to high school students is a global priority aimed at developing a quantum-literate workforce for the growing QT industry. However, high school-initiated QT outreach programs embedded in sustainable, school-led activities remain rare, with most researcher-led programs treating classroom integration as an afterthought. This study addresses this gap by reporting findings from a school-initiated, fully online quantum education STEM & Research Internship Program (SRIP) for Filipino high school students.
Method and Theoretical Framework: We employed a single-group quasi-experimental pre-post research design, collecting data via a mixed-methods approach using validated concept inventories and students’ daily journal entries. The program was guided by a theoretical framework integrating the discipline–culture paradigm of physics knowledge (for curriculum design) with the cognitive apprenticeship model (for curriculum implementation). Twenty high-achieving students (11 males, 9 females; Grades 9–11) from a STEM-focused Philippine high school participated.
Results and Conclusion: Results indicate increased knowledge of QM and QT concepts and improved attitudes towards QM among students following completion of the quantum education SRIP. Findings highlight the program’s positive educational impact and its novelty as the first school-initiated, fully online quantum outreach initiative in the Philippines, with potential for global adoption.
Key words: Physics education research / High school physics education / High school students / Quantum mechanics / Quantum education / Quantum outreach / Attitude towards physics / Cognitive apprenticeship / Discipline-culture / Secondary school
© The Author(s) 2025
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