https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-026-00519-6
Research
A scalable architecture for quantum information processors: qubit partitioning, placement, and scheduling for minimized circuit latency
1
Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
2
Department of Computer Engineering, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
a
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Received:
20
February
2026
Accepted:
5
May
2026
Published online:
13
May
2026
Abstract
Proposing an architecture that effectively compensates for physical hardware inefficiencies through redundant resources is a key challenge in quantum computer design. Although the representation of quantum systems is currently limited to tens of qubits, scaling existing small scale laboratory systems into large scale quantum computers capable of solving meaningful practical problems remains a primary research objective. Focusing on this issue, this paper proposes a scalable architecture for quantum information processors. Physical design, one of the two main processes in quantum computer design, transforms a circuit netlist into a technology specific layout. Quantum mapping comprising partitioning, placement, scheduling, and routing is an essential part of this process, and these stages are inherently interdependent. In this research, considering the dependencies between these stages, we present an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model for qubit partitioning and placement, determining the optimal module and physical location for each qubit. Furthermore, we propose a heuristic approach for the placement and scheduling of quantum operators on a scalable, modular, universal ion trap quantum computer (MUSIQC), aiming to minimize circuit execution delay. Qubit routing is performed using a greedy strategy. For evaluation, the proposed method was applied to both Ripple-Carry Adder and Carry-Lookahead Adder circuits. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach reduces the average circuit delay by approximately 58.98% for Ripple-Carry Adder circuits and 33% for Carry-Lookahead Adder circuits compared to the best existing method. These results underscore the effectiveness of our integrated framework, where ILP-based partitioning optimizes for dominant operational costs, while our subsequent resource-aware scheduler actively manages parallelism and contention to achieve the minimal overall circuit execution delay.
Key words: Quantum Computing / Scalable Architecture / Physical Design / Qubit Mapping / Integer Linear Programming / Heuristic Scheduling / Ion-Trap Quantum Computer / Circuit Latency
© The Author(s) 2026
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