https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-023-00193-y
Research
Quantum authentication method based on key-controlled maximally mixed quantum state encryption
1
Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 02792, Seoul, Republic of Korea
2
Division of Nano and Information Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology School, Korea University of Science and Technology, 02792, Seoul, Republic of Korea
3
Korean Intellectual Property Office (KIPO), Government Complex Daejeon Building 4, 189, Cheongsa-ro, 35208, Seogu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
4
Department of Physics, Korea University, 30019, Sejong, Republic of Korea
Received:
16
May
2023
Accepted:
1
September
2023
Published online:
13
September
2023
Quantum authentication is a fundamental first step that ensures secure quantum communication. Although various quantum authentication methods have been proposed recently, their implementation efficiency is limited. This paper proposes a key-controlled maximally mixed quantum state encryption (MMQSE) method using only a single qubit, unitary operation, minimized quantum transmissions, and a single qubit measurement, which improves implementation feasibility and operation efficiency. We applied it to representative quantum authentication applications, namely, quantum identity and message authentication. The security of our authentication schemes was verified by analyzing the relationship between the integral ratio of Uhlmann’s fidelity and probability of successful eavesdropping. Moreover, we demonstrate the higher authentication efficiency of the proposed scheme in a real quantum-channel noise environment. The upper bound of the valid noise rate was quantified using the integral ratio of Uhlmann’s fidelity in a noise environment. Finally, the optimal number of authentication sequences was estimated.
Key words: Quantum identity authentication / Quantum message authentication / Unitary operation / Uhlmann’s fidelity
Na-Hee Lim and Ji-Woong Choi contributed equally to this work.
© The Author(s) 2023
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