https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00247-9
Research
Different secure semi-quantum summation models without measurement
1
College of Information and Control Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
2
School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Post and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
Received:
3
April
2024
Accepted:
8
May
2024
Published online:
22
May
2024
Secure semi-quantum summation entails the collective computation of the sum of private secrets by multi-untrustworthy and resource-limited participants, facilitated by a quantum third-party. This paper introduces three semi-quantum summation protocols based on single photons, where eliminating the need for classical users to possess measurement capabilities. Two-party protocol 1 and protocol 2 are structured upon different models: star and ring, respectively. The security analysis extensively evaluates the protocols’ resilience against outside and inside attacks, demonstrating protocols are asymptotically secure. Protocol 3 extends two-party protocol 1 to multi-party scenarios, broadening its applicability. Comparison reveals a reduction in the workload for classical users compared to previous similar protocols, and the protocols’ correctness are visually validated through simulation by Qiskit.
Key words: Quantum communication / Semi-quantum cryptography / Secure semi-quantum summation / Measurement free
© The Author(s) 2024
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