https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-025-00344-3
Review
Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry: summary of the second workshop
1 Fachbereich Physik, Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 7, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
2 Department of Physics, Stanford University, 94305, Stanford, California, USA
3 Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany
4 Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
5 Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Schellingstrasse 4, 80799, Munich, Germany
6 Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstrasse 4, 80799, Munich, Germany
7 Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité UMR5589, University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse, France
8 Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), 70013, Heraklion, Greece
9 CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
10 Institute of Quantum Technologies, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wilhelm-Runge-Straße 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
11 BEC and Matterwave Optics Group, Institute of Electronic Structure and Lasers, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013, Crete, Greece
12 Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
13 Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Kneza Mihaila 35, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
14 Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, CB3 0WA, Cambridge, UK
15 Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, NCSR Demokritos, Neapoleos 27 & Patr. Grigoriou Street, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, 15341, Athens, Greece
16 Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56122, Pisa, Italy
17 RAL Space, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UKRI-STFC, Fermi Avenue, OX11 OQX, Didcot, UK
18 Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Strada Costiera 11, 34151, Trieste, Italy
19 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Trieste Section, Via Valerio 2, 34127, Trieste, Italy
20 University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, UK
21 Physics Department, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
22 LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
23 Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
24 Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
25 IFIC, Joint Centre CSIC-University of Valencia, E-46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
26 Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences (LP2N), Université de Bordeaux-IOGS-CNRS, F-33400, Talence, France
27 Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, 14627, Rochester, New York, USA
28 Harwell Campus, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, OX11 0QX, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
29 Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
30 Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
31 Physics Department, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, 3200002, Haifa, Israel
32 Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
33 Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, OX1 3PU, Oxford, UK
34 QuSoft, Science Park 123, 1098XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
35 Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
36 Institute of Space Science - INFLPR Subsidiary, 409 Atomistilor street, 077125, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
37 Physics Department, King’s College London, Strand, WC2R 2LS, London, UK
38 Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE, Merseyside, UK
39 Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM), Alameda de Mazarredo 14, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
40 EHU Quantum Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
41 Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
42 School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Diogenes Street, Engomi, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus
43 Cold Atoms Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
44 Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
45 Department of Physics “Enrico Fermi”, University of Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56126, Pisa, Italy
46 INFN-Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56126, Pisa, Italy
47 Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
48 Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000, Lille, France
49 Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
50 Department of Physics, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
51 SEENET-MTP Centre, Nis, Serbia
52 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstrasse 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
53 Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
54 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, BN1 9QH, Brighton, UK
55 Department of Physics and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, 20742, College Park, MD, USA
56 The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
57 Gravity Exploration Institute, School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, CF24 3AA, Cardiff, UK
58 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 55455, Minneapolis, MN, USA
59 Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University, Avenue des Nations Unies, Agdal, B.P. 8007 N.U., 10000, Rabat, Morocco
60 Laboratoire de physique de l’ENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
61 Ecole polytechnique, IPP, Palaiseau, France
62 School of Science, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
63 Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
64 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
65 Institute of Theoretical Physics, Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstrasse 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
66 Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
67 State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China
68 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, 40506-0055, Lexington, KY, USA
69 National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, TW11 0LW, Teddington, UK
70 Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Fundamental Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
71 SUPA and Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, G4 0NG, Glasgow, UK
72 National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts, 292 Rue Saint-Martin, 75003, Paris, France
73 Department of Physics, University of Washington, 98195, Seattle, Washington, USA
74 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
75 Kavli Institute for Cosmology and Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, CB3 0HA, Cambridge, UK
76 ZARM Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Germany
77 Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allegaten 55, 5007, Bergen, Norway
78 Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
79 Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, 30013, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
80 Keemilise ja bioloogilise füüsika instituut, Rävala pst. 10, 10143, Tallinn, Estonia
81 Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
82 INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185, Rome, Italy
83 Gravitational Wave Science Center (GWSC), Université de Genève, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
84 Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomistilor Street, 077125, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
85 Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
86 Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
87 Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 3, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
88 TOPTICA Photonics AG, Lochhamer Schlag 19, 82166, Graefelfing (Munich), Germany
89 Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
90 Physics Division, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, NTUA, Hroon Polytechniou 9, 15780, Athens, Greece
91 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Institut für Satellitengeodäsie und Inertialsensorik, Callinstraße 30b, 30167, Hannover, Germany
92 Département d’astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO), L’Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
93 Institut für Physik and IRIS, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
94 Ferdinand-Braun-Institut (FBH), Gustav-Kirchoff-Strasse 4, 12489, Berlin, Germany
95 School of Physics and Institute for Collider Particle Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, Wits, South Africa
96 Experimental Condensed Matter Physics Group, Ultrafast Coherent Spectroscopy Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, 462066, Bhopal, India
97 Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
98 Dept. of Physics, Brown University, 182 Hope St., 02912, Providence, RI, USA
99 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 91109, Pasadena, California, USA
100 Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
101 European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications (ECSAT), European Space Agency (ESA), Fermi Avenue, Harwell Campus, OX11 0FD, Didcot, UK
102 Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
103 Département de Physique Théorique, Université de Genève, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
104 Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
105 Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM-CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
106 Department of Mathematics and Physics, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, 20100, Aguascalientes, Mexico
107 Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental and Soil Sciences, Escola Politecninca Superior, Universidad de Lleida, Av. Jaume II, 69, 25001, Lleida, Spain
108 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine, USA
109 Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N., Unidad Querétaro, Libramiento Norponiente No. 2000, Fracc. Real de Juriquilla, C. P. 76230, Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
110 Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research - Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, 462066, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
111 Van Swinderen Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
112 Institute for Theoretical Physics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
113 Sezione di Padova, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via Marzolo 8, 35131, Padova, Italy
114 Quantum Metrology and Nanotechnologies Division, INRIM, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135, Torino, Italy
115 Politecnico di Milano, DICA, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
116 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
117 Department of Physics, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
118 Institute of Geodesy, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 50, 30167, Hannover, Germany
119 Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
120 Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
121 Physics of Information and Quantum Technologies Group, Centro de Física e Engenharia de Materiais Avançados (CeFEMA), Lisbon, Portugal
122 PQI – Portuguese Quantum Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
123 Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, 21218, Baltimore, MD, USA
124 Boulby Underground Laboratory, Boulby Mine, TS13 4UZ, Saltburn-by-the-Sea, UK
125 Harwell Campus, Technology, Science and Technology Facilities Council, OX11 0QX, Didcot, UK
126 Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
127 Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica - Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, via Archirafi 36, I-90123, Palermo, Italy
128 Centre for Quantum Materials and Technologies, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, BT7 1NN, Belfast, UK
129 Epitaxy and Physics of Nanostructures, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, T12R5CP, Cork, Ireland
130 Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, One Castle Point Terrace, 07030, Hoboken, NJ, USA
131 Fysikum, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
132 Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, POB 500, 60510, Batavia, IL, USA
133 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
134 Department of Physics, The University of Arizona, 85721-0081, Tucson, AZ, USA
135 Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014, Paris, France
136 Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Nord B4-B5, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
137 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, 19716, Delaware, USA
138 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia and LENS, Università di Firenze, INFN Sezione di Firenze, via Sansone 1, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
139 Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
140 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, 94025, Menlo Park, California, USA
141 Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotnoho str., 27, 03143, Kyiv, Ukraine
142 AGH University of Krakow, Aleja Mickiewicza, 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
143 Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Fronczak Hall, 239, 14260, Buffalo, NY, USA
144 Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
145 School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
146 Beijing Laser Acceleration Innovation Center, Huairou, 101400, Beijing, China
147 Campus UAB, Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE-CSIC), Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
148 Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, C/ Esteve Terradas, 1, desp. 212, 08860, Castelldefels, Spain
149 SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
150 Sezione di Genova, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Genova, Italy
151 Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace, Université d’Orléans, 3A Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071, Orléans, France
152 TQC, Physics Department, Universiteit Antwerpen, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerpen, Belgium
153 Beijing Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Applications, 101408, Beijing, China
154 Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
155 Self-Learning Systems Group, Fraunhofer IIS, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany
156 Departament of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 21, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
157 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131, Padova, Italy
158 Virgo Group, DiSPeA, Carlo Bo University, Via S. Chiara 27, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
159 Center for Quantum Technologies, Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, 5 James Bourchier blvd., 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
160 Institute for Applied Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Hassia, Darmstadt, Germany
161 School of Civil, Aerospace and Design Engineering, University of Bristol, BS81TR, Bristol, UK
162 Quantum Engineering Technology Laboratories, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, BS8 1FD, Bristol, UK
163 Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudingerweg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany
164 Abu Dhabi Polytechnic, Institute of Applied Technology, 111499, Abu Dhabi, UAE
165 Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
166 Instituto de Telecomunicações, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
167 Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran
168 AtomQL, Ajdovscina 1, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
a
Oliver.Buchmueller@cern.ch
b
John.Ellis@cern.ch
Received:
12
January
2025
Accepted:
24
March
2025
Published online: 3 April 2025
This summary of the second Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry (TVLBAI) Workshop provides a comprehensive overview of our meeting held in London in April 2024 (Second Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry Workshop, Imperial College, April 2024), building on the initial discussions during the inaugural workshop held at CERN in March 2023 (First Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry Workshop, CERN, March 2023). Like the summary of the first workshop (Abend et al. in AVS Quantum Sci. 6:024701, 2024), this document records a critical milestone for the international atom interferometry community. It documents our concerted efforts to evaluate progress, address emerging challenges, and refine strategic directions for future large-scale atom interferometry projects. Our commitment to collaboration is manifested by the integration of diverse expertise and the coordination of international resources, all aimed at advancing the frontiers of atom interferometry physics and technology, as set out in a Memorandum of Understanding signed by over 50 institutions (Memorandum of Understanding for the Terrestrial Very Long Baseline Atom Interferometer Study).
© The Author(s) 2025
Open Access
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