https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00291-5
Research
Numerical model of N-level cascade systems for atomic Radio Frequency sensing applications
1
Applied Research, British Telecommunications, Adastral Park, IP5 3RE, Ipswich, Suffolk, UK
2
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston Park, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
3
Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
4
Quantum Technologies, German Aerospace Center, Wilhelm Rugne Straße, 89081, Ulm, Germany
a
lwb149@student.bham.ac.uk
b
y.kale@bham.ac.uk
Received:
9
May
2024
Accepted:
6
November
2024
Published online:
18
November
2024
A ready-to-use numerical model has been developed for the atomic ladder (cascade) systems which are widely exploited in Rydberg Radio Frequency (RF) sensors. The model has been explicitly designed for user convenience and to be extensible to arbitrary N-level non-thermal systems. The versatility and adaptability of the model is validated up to 4-level atomic systems by direct comparison with experimental results from the prior art. The numerical model provides a good approximation to the experimental results and provides experimentalists with a convenient ready-to-use model to optimise the operation of an N-level Rydberg RF sensor. Current sensors exploit the 4-level atomic systems based on alkali metal atoms which require visible frequency lasers and these can be expensive and also suffer from high attenuation within optical fiber. The ability to quickly and simply explore more complex N-level systems offers the potential to use cheaper and lower-loss near-infrared lasers.
Key words: Rydberg Atom-based Metrology / Numerical model / Simulation / RF Sensing
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00291-5.
© The Author(s) 2024
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